Everything You Need to Know About Zoysia Grass

How to Grow and Maintain Zoysia Grass?

Growing and maintaining Zoysia grass involves several steps, from proper planting to watering, mowing, and fertilizing practices. Here’s a detailed guide:

Planting Zoysia Grass

1. Soil Preparation

• • • • Test the Soil: Begin by testing the soil to determine its pH level. Zoysia grass prefers a pH between 6.0 and 7.0. Soil testing kits are available at garden centers or you can send a sample to a local extension service. If the pH is too low, add lime to raise it; if too high, sulfur can be added to lower it.
      • Till the Soil: Use a rototiller to break up the soil to a depth of about 6 inches. This loosens the soil, making it easier for the grass roots to penetrate and establish. Remove any large rocks, roots, or other debris that could hinder the grass’s growth.
      • Add Organic Matter: Mix in compost or well-rotted manure to improve the soil’s texture and fertility. This will enhance water retention and provide essential nutrients to the grass as it grows.

2. Planting Methods

• • • • Sod: Laying sod is the quickest way to establish a Zoysia lawn. Purchase fresh sod from a reputable supplier. Lay the sod pieces tightly together, staggering the seams in a brick-like pattern. Immediately after laying, water the sod thoroughly to help the roots settle into the soil.
      • Sprigs or Plugs: These are small sections of Zoysia grass that are planted at intervals across the lawn area. This method is more cost-effective but takes longer to cover the ground. Plant the sprigs or plugs in a checkerboard pattern, spacing them about 6-12 inches apart. Water them well after planting.
      • Seed: While seeding is less common due to slow germination, it is an option. Spread the seeds evenly across the prepared soil and lightly rake them in. Cover the area with a thin layer of straw or mulch to protect the seeds from birds and help retain moisture.

Watering Zoysia Grass

1. Initial Watering

During the first two weeks after planting, water the Zoysia grass daily to keep the soil consistently moist. This helps the roots to establish themselves quickly.

2. Establishment Phase

After the first two weeks, gradually reduce the watering frequency. Instead of watering every day, water deeply every few days. Deep watering encourages the roots to grow deeper into the soil, making the grass more drought-tolerant.

3. Established Lawn

For a mature Zoysia lawn, water deeply once or twice a week, depending on weather conditions. Aim to provide about 1 inch of water per week, either from rainfall or irrigation. Avoid frequent, shallow watering as this can lead to shallow root growth and increased susceptibility to drought.

Mowing Zoysia Grass

1. Height

Maintain Zoysia grass at a height of 1 to 2 inches. This height is optimal for the grass’s health and appearance. In shaded areas, you may need to mow slightly higher to allow more leaf area for photosynthesis.

2. Frequency

Mow regularly to keep the grass at the recommended height. Avoid cutting more than one-third of the grass blade at a time, as this can stress the grass. During the peak growing season, you may need to mow every 5-7 days.

3. Mower Type

For the best results, use a reel mower, especially for fine-textured varieties like Emerald Zoysia. Reel mowers provide a clean, precise cut, which is beneficial for the health of the grass. Rotary mowers can be used but should be kept sharp to avoid tearing the grass blades.

Fertilizing Zoysia Grass

1. Timing

Fertilize Zoysia grass in late spring and early summer when it is actively growing. This ensures that the grass receives the nutrients it needs for robust growth during its peak growing period.

2. Type

Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer with a nutrient ratio such as 3-1-2 or 4-1-2. Slow-release fertilizers provide a steady supply of nutrients over time, reducing the risk of nutrient burn and promoting steady growth.

3. Amount

Follow the recommended application rates on the fertilizer package. Over-fertilizing can lead to excessive growth, increased mowing needs, and a higher risk of disease. Under-fertilizing can result in weak, thin grass that is more susceptible to weeds and pests.

Aeration and Thatch Management

1. Aeration

Aerate the lawn annually to reduce soil compaction and improve the penetration of air, water, and nutrients. Use a core aerator to remove small plugs of soil from the lawn. This practice helps roots grow deeper and stronger, enhancing the overall health of the lawn.

2. Thatch Control

Zoysia grass can develop a thick layer of thatch, which is a dense mat of dead grass and roots. If the thatch layer exceeds 1/2 inch, it can impede water and nutrient absorption. Dethatch the lawn if necessary, using a dethatching rake or machine. This should be done when the grass is actively growing to allow it to recover quickly.

Weed and Pest Control

1. Weed Control

Apply pre-emergent herbicides in early spring to prevent weed seeds from germinating. For existing weeds, use post-emergent herbicides or manually remove them. Regular mowing and proper fertilization can also help reduce weed competition by promoting a dense, healthy lawn.

2. Pest Control

Monitor your lawn for pests such as chinch bugs and armyworms. Signs of pest damage include yellowing grass, thinning, and dead patches. Treat infestations promptly with appropriate insecticides. Maintaining healthy grass through proper watering, mowing, and fertilization can also reduce pest problems.

Disease Management

1. Prevention

The best way to manage diseases in Zoysia grass is through prevention. Avoid overwatering, as excess moisture can promote fungal diseases. Similarly, do not over-fertilize, as this can make the grass more susceptible to disease.

2. Treatment

If diseases such as brown patch or dollar spot do occur, treat them with fungicides. Adjust your cultural practices to reduce stress on the lawn. For example, improve air circulation by avoiding dense planting and reduce shading by pruning nearby trees.